Showing posts with label Beowulf. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beowulf. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 11, 2013

Master of the Word Hoard – Seamus Heaney

“Internationally recognized as the greatest Irish poet since WB Yeats…*”, and a winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first poetry of Heaney’s which I read was his masterful translation of Beowulf. Though at that time I’d only heard of the poem, I had been searching for it in the local bookshops for some months before finding the slim volume hidden among other volumes on the “Poetry and Literature” shelf. When at last I got my hands on it, I had no idea of the impact it would have on my life.
Opening lines of Beowulf
As someone mostly ignorant of Anglo-Saxon poetry (and the richness of the language and culture) at that time, the poem opened up a whole new world. It was a world veiled by time, culture and many of the prejudices held about the Dark and Middle Ages. But it is a world steeped in legends and myths; the heroes great but fallible, the warriors and lords capable of great destruction, and yet lament at the death of friends. One of my favourite passages in the poem – and one which still move me to tears, is  when Hrothgar laments his counselor Aeschere’s death:
Then Hrothgar, the Shieldings’ helmet, spoke:
‘Rest? What is rest? Sorrow has returned.
Alas for the Danes! Aeschere is dead.
He was Yrmenlaf’s elder brother
and a soul-mate to me, a true mentor,
my right-hand man when the ranks clashed
and our boar-crests had to take a battering
in the line of action. Aeschere was everything
the world admires in a wise man and a friend.



There are also videos of Heaney reading from his own translation:

Seamus Heaney - Beowulf (1/7) by poetictouch

Yes, Heaney left a body of work worthy of remembrance and celebration. His name will be remembered and his works will endure. Yet, my sorrow at the news of his passing was the sorrow of someone who was deeply touched by a work over a thousand years old; a body literature suddenly made accessible. It was the sorrow of someone who could never say “Thank you, you have touched my life and led me on a path I could never have foreseen”.

In his foreword to TheWord Exchange, Heaney noted “… Anglo-Saxon poetry isn’t all stoicism and melancholy, isn’t all about battle and exile and a gray dawn breaking: it can be unexpectedly rapturous as in The Vision of the Cross and happily didactic as in the allegory of Whale. It can be intimate and domestic, and take us to places far behind the shield wall…” (Delanty & Matto 2011:XII).

Yet, in the end, there is perhaps not much more than I can say, but to quote from the Maxims found in The Word Exchange (Delanty& Matto 2011:13):
A tree must shed its leaves,        its branches be barren;
the traveler must embark            on the start of travels;
all the mortals must       meet their fate
But, Mr. Heaney, may your words live forever, bringing new inspiration to those who already know your work and those who pick up one of your volumes for the first time. Thank you for touching my life.

Photo by Ian's Shutter Habit
Sources:

Friday, March 1, 2013

Om weer verlief te raak op (jou) taal


Wonderlike plakkaat deur Burning Through Pages

Nou die dag het die webwerf Medieval and Earlier Manuscripts laat weet dat die Beowulf-manuskrip nou aanlyn beskikbaar is. Dadelik twiet ek die skakel en gaan kyk weer na die eerste bladsy van dié eeue-oue manuskrip. Omtrent twee jaar voor ek die eerste keer ’n foto daarvan gesien het, het ek Seamus Heaney se vertaling van dié epiese gedig gelees en is totaal meegevoer deur Beowulf, Grendel en die draak. Dít was in graad 11. Ek sal nooit vergeet toe ek in ’n af biologieklas die boek uithaal en vir seker die vierde keer daardie maand begin lees nie. Die meisie wat langs my gesit het vra toe waaroor dit gaan – die arme ding het nie besef sy gaan die hele storie en ’n goeie dosis oor Oudengels hoor nie. (En vir die hoeveelste keer moes ek hoor dat ‘meisies nie súlke boeke moet lees nie’.)

So drie jaar terug spoor ek by ’n biblioteekboekverkoping deel 10 van die Afrikaanse Kinderensiklopedie op en kan nie my geluk glo nie*. Hierdie spesifieke deel bevat Afrikaanse vertellings van, onder andere, die Noorse mitologie en ook van die held Beowulf. Tog bly dit vreemd hoe iets in mens se eie taal die hart kan roer. Neem nou byvoorbeeld Koos du Plessis se pragtige, hartroerende lirieke. Of P.G. duPlessis se “Sommer Stories” wat in ’n paar honderd woorde mens kan laat skater van die lag, laat huil of mens vir dae aan een iets kan laat oordink. (Wys hulle mos nou weer Koöperasiestories op SABC 2. Laas Vrydag wys “’n Ruikertjie geelperskes” en daar huil ek omtrent my oë uit. Die man is ’n meester!) Ek dink nie daardie stories sal dieselfde geur hê in Engels nie.



'n Versameling van P.G. du Plessis se verhale
Hierdie week se Woord en Klank op RSG het Elisabeth Eybers se werk bespreek en haar gedigte het my sommer weer van voor af laat verlief raak op Afrikaans. Maar, moet my nie verkeerd verstaan nie, dis nou nie verlief in ’n soort een-taal-een-volk manier nie. Nee, verlief in ’n hierdie-taal-spreek-tot-my-hart manier. En tot ’n weer besef en verwondering dat die mensdom die diepste emosies en pragbeelde in mekaar se gedagtes kan skep deur net ’n klomp klanke in ’n spesifieke volgorde te maak.


*Dit is byna meer gevaarlik om my by so ’n uitverkoping toe te laat as by Exclusive Books se uitverkoping wanneer jy ’n kilogram boeke vir R50 kan koop! 

Monday, November 19, 2012

Hobbit Maandag – Die draak se skat


Drake – en in die geval van Smaug, sy skat – het beslis hulle plek in die stories oor Middle-Earth. Deur gebruik te maak van elemente uit literatuur soos die Nibelungenlied en Beowulf, skep Tolkien meesterlik nuwe stories wat – en ek glo steeds sal – die toets van tyd deurstaan. In baie gevalle – soos met my – het hierdie verwysings na ou verhale en gedigte mense gelei om weer die literatuur van die Middeleeue, wat byna uit algemene kennis verdwyn het, te ontdek.

Tolkien het ook ’n pragtige gedig oor ’n skat geskryf wat mens tot trane kan dryf. Ek het hierdie opname van Tolkien wat die gedig lees op YouTube gevind! 

In The Hobbit steel Bilbo ’n beker wat met juwele versier is uit die draak se skat. ’n Soortgelyke episode word in die Angel-Saksiese gedig Beowulfgevind.  In Beowulf waak ‘n draak ook oor ‘n ou skat. Iemand vind ’n manier om by hierdie skat uit te kom deur ‘n versteekte tonnel en steel ook ’n “gem-studded goblet” (Heaney 1999:71). Alhoewel hy dit steel terwyl die draak slap, kom dié agter dat die beker weg is wanneer hy wakker word en val die Geats (waaroor Beowulf in hierdie jare heers) aan. Die dief in Beowulf word simpatiek beskryf:
                        The intruder who broached the dragon’s treasure
                        and moved him to wrath had never meant to.
It was desperation on the part of a slave
fleeing the heavy hand of some master,
guilt-ridden and on the run,
going to ground.
(Heaney 1999:71)
Eerder as om ’n groot hoeveelheid van die skat te steel, neem hy slegs een beker en sou nooit kon raai dat hierdie daad die dood van baie onskuldige Geats en ook hulle heroïese leier sou beteken nie. Dié leier wat in sy jonger dae die monster Grendel en dié se ma doodgemaak het nie.
My gunsteling vertaling van die gedig is dié deur Seamus Heaney, maar veskeie ander vertalings ka nook op die internet gevind word. Hieronder is deel van die beskrywing van die draak, sy skat en die verwoesting wat hy saai. Hierdie vertaling deur Lesslie Hall, kan by Project Gutenberg gevind word.

Seamus Heaney se vertaling van die gedig is in 1999 deur Faber and Fabergepubliseer en kan hier gevind word.



THE HOARD AND THE DRAGON.

       10 He a gem-vessel saw there: many of suchlike
          Ancient ornaments in the earth-cave were lying,
          As in days of yore some one of men of
          Illustrious lineage, as a legacy monstrous,
          There had secreted them, careful and thoughtful,
       15 Dear-valued jewels. Death had offsnatched them,
          In the days of the past, and the one man moreover
          Of the flower of the folk who fared there the longest,
          Was fain to defer it, friend-mourning warder,
          A little longer to be left in enjoyment
       20 Of long-lasting treasure.[1] A barrow all-ready
          Stood on the plain the stream-currents nigh to,
          New by the ness-edge, unnethe of approaching:
          The keeper of rings carried within a
          Ponderous deal of the treasure of nobles,
       25 Of gold that was beaten, briefly he spake then:[3]

{The ring-giver bewails the loss of retainers.}

          "Hold thou, O Earth, now heroes no more may,
          The earnings of earlmen. Lo! erst in thy bosom
          Worthy men won them; war-death hath ravished,
          Perilous life-bale, all my warriors,
       30 Liegemen belovèd, who this life have forsaken,
          Who hall-pleasures saw. No sword-bearer have I,
          And no one to burnish the gold-plated vessel,
          The high-valued beaker: my heroes are vanished.
          The hardy helmet behung with gilding
       35 Shall be reaved of its riches: the ring-cleansers slumber
          Who were charged to have ready visors-for-battle,
          And the burnie that bided in battle-encounter
[77]      O'er breaking of war-shields the bite of the edges
Moulds with the hero. The ring-twisted armor,     
       40 Its lord being lifeless, no longer may journey
         Hanging by heroes; harp-joy is vanished,
         The rapture of glee-wood, no excellent falcon
         Swoops through the building, no swift-footed charger
         Grindeth the gravel. A grievous destruction
       45 No few of the world-folk widely hath scattered!"
          So, woful of spirit one after all
          Lamented mournfully, moaning in sadness
          By day and by night, till death with its billow

{The fire-dragon}

          Dashed on his spirit. Then the ancient dusk-scather
       50 Found the great treasure standing all open,
          He who flaming and fiery flies to the barrows,
          Naked war-dragon, nightly escapeth
          Encompassed with fire; men under heaven
          Widely beheld him. 'Tis said that he looks for
       55 The hoard in the earth, where old he is guarding
          The heathenish treasure; he'll be nowise the better.

{The dragon meets his match.}

          So three-hundred winters the waster of peoples
          Held upon earth that excellent hoard-hall,
          Till the forementioned earlman angered him bitterly:
       60 The beat-plated beaker he bare to his chieftain
          And fullest remission for all his remissness
          Begged of his liegelord. Then the hoard[5] was discovered,
          The treasure was taken, his petition was granted

{The hero plunders the dragon's den}

The lorn-mooded liegeman. His lord regarded
       65 The old-work of earth-folk--'twas the earliest occasion.
          When the dragon awoke, the strife was renewed there;
          He snuffed 'long the stone then, stout-hearted found he
[78]      The footprint of foeman; too far had he gone
          With cunning craftiness close to the head of
       70 The fire-spewing dragon. So undoomed he may 'scape from
          Anguish and exile with ease whopossesseth
         The favor of Heaven. The hoard-warden eagerly
          Searched o'er the ground then, would meet with the person
          That caused him sorrow while in slumber reclining:
       75 Gleaming and wild he oft went round the cavern,
          All of it outward; not any of earthmen
          Was seen in that desert.[6] Yet he joyed in the battle,
          Rejoiced in the conflict: oft he turned to the barrow,
          Sought for the gem-cup;[7] this he soon perceived then

{The dragon perceives that some one has disturbed his treasure.}

       80 That some man or other had discovered the gold,
          The famous folk-treasure. Not fain did the hoard-ward
          Wait until evening; then the ward of the barrow
          Was angry in spirit, the loathèd one wished to
          Pay for the dear-valued drink-cup with fire.
       85 Then the day was done as the dragon would have it,
          He no longer would wait on the wall, but departed

{The dragon is infuriated.}

          Fire-impelled, flaming. Fearful the start was
          To earls in the land, as it early thereafter
          To their giver-of-gold was grievously ended.